- Book I: The Plague Sent by Apollo and the Wrath of Achilles
- Book II: The Dream Sent by Zeus to Agamemnon
- Book III: Menelaus vs. Paris
- Book IV: The Breaking of the Oath
- Book V: The Exploits of Diomedes and the War Between Gods and Mortals
- Book VI: Hector and Andromache; Hector and Paris
- Book VII: The Duel of Hector and Ajax; Collection of the Dead
- Book VIII: Zeus Forbids Divine Intervention
- Book IX: The Embassy to Achilles
- Book X: The Death of Dolon (Doloneia)
- Book XI: The Exploits of Agamemnon
- Book XII: The Assault on the Wall
- Book XIII: Combat Near the Ships
- Book XIV: Zeus Deceived
- Book XV: The Counterattack
- Book XVI: Patroclus Enters the War
- Book XVII: The Exploits of Menelaus
- Book XVIII: The Making of Achilles’ Armor
- Book XIX: Achilles Renounces His Wrath
- Book XX: The Battle of the Gods
- Book XXI: Battle by the River
- Book XXII: The Killing of Hector
- Book XXIII: Funeral Games for Patroclus
- Book XXIV: Priam Visits Achilles
Book I: The Plague Sent by Apollo and the Wrath of Achilles
The story begins with the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon. Chryseis, the daughter of Apollo’s priest, has been abducted by Agamemnon. This provokes Apollo’s wrath, and the god sends a plague upon the Greek armies for nine days (verses 1–22). Chryseis’s father begs Agamemnon to return his daughter in exchange for a ransom, but the king refuses and insults the priest. The old man prays to Apollo, who punishes the Greeks with the plague (verses 17–53).
On the tenth day, Achilles urges Agamemnon to consult a seer, since the plague prevents them from continuing the war. Inspired by Hera, who seeks to protect the Greeks, the seer Calchas advises Achilles to persuade Agamemnon to return Chryseis.
A dispute arises between Agamemnon and Achilles over Chryseis and the spoils taken from the Trojans. Everyone has received their share, but Apollo’s anger threatens defeat. Agamemnon finally agrees to return Chryseis and make offerings to Apollo (verses 54–150).
Achilles, still furious, reproaches Agamemnon for threatening to seize his share of the treasure. He declares he will return to Phthia, and Agamemnon does not stop him (verses 173–180). Disappointed, Achilles intends to strike Agamemnon, but Athena—sent by Hera—restrains him, urging him to insult Agamemnon verbally but not harm him physically.
Achilles then launches a verbal attack, while Nestor attempts to mediate. Despite Nestor’s counsel, the quarrel continues (verses 150–303). Achilles withdraws with his companion Patroclus. Meanwhile, Agamemnon prepares to return Chryseis and perform a hecatomb for Apollo. Still enraged, Agamemnon orders Briseis, a woman captured by Achilles, to be taken from him. Achilles insists his anger is directed only at Agamemnon, not at the Greeks, and instructs Patroclus to hand Briseis over (verses 318–348).
Grieving, Achilles appeals to his mother Thetis, the sea goddess, who consoles him. He recounts the division of spoils, including the sack of Thebe in Asia Minor, when Chryseis was taken (verses 348–369). Still bitter, Achilles asks Thetis to persuade Zeus to punish the Achaeans by granting victory to the Trojans (verses 370–413). Thetis agrees, though Zeus is away among the Ethiopians; she will speak to him upon his return (verses 414–427).
On the Achaean side, Odysseus performs the hecatomb in Apollo’s honor and returns Chryseis to her father, who prays for the plague to end. Apollo grants his request (verses 430–533). Meanwhile, Zeus and Hera quarrel over Thetis’s secret plan. Hephaestus intervenes to calm them and warns Hera of the danger of provoking Zeus (verses 430–533).
Book II: The Dream Sent by Zeus to Agamemnon
At Thetis’s request, Zeus sends a dream to Agamemnon, urging him to capture Troy. In reality, this is part of Zeus’s plan to avenge Achilles. The deity Dream appears in the guise of Nestor and tells Agamemnon to attack Troy (verses 1–40). Agamemnon convenes an assembly and recounts his dream. Nestor, the wisest of the Achaeans, supports him, and the assembly erupts in excitement (verses 86–93).
The “Nine Heralds” attempt to restore order, and Agamemnon realizes Zeus has deceived him. He proposes returning to the ships to seek new allies (verses 96–141). Hera, however, sends Athena to encourage the Achaeans to continue the war. Athena persuades Odysseus to remain and fight (verses 176 ff.).
Odysseus rallies the Achaeans, but Thersites, despised by Odysseus and Agamemnon, interrupts, insulting Agamemnon and accusing him of humiliating Achilles (verses 211–245). Odysseus rebukes him, and Thersites is disgraced before the army (verses 245–277). Athena, disguised as a herald, then inspires the troops by recalling how Zeus overthrew Cronos (verses 277–355). Nestor advises Agamemnon to test his soldiers’ resolve (verses 356–368). Agamemnon performs sacrifices to the gods, especially Zeus, seeking victory (verses 369–418).
Zeus ignores Agamemnon’s prayers, and the sacrifices continue. Nestor proposes gathering the people by ship (verses 419–440). Agamemnon assembles his forces, while Athena strengthens the Achaeans’ resolve.
Homer invokes the Muses to recount the armies and enumerate the ships (verses 485–494). Among them are:
- The Boeotians, including the heroes of Thebes; the Phocians;
- The Locrians, led by Ajax son of Oïleus, and Ajax son of Telamon; the Albantes; the Athenians;
- Diomedes (verse 567);
- Agamemnon commanding a hundred ships (verse 576);
- Menelaus, eager to reclaim Helen (verse 590);
- Odysseus (verse 631);
- Tlepolemus, son of Heracles (verse 653).
The Myrmidons, led by Achilles, remain in their ships due to his wrath. Ajax son of Telamon, second only to Achilles, is praised for his strength and horses (verses 494–785).
In Troy, Iris advises Priam to rally his forces around Hector. The Trojans prepare for battle, including Aeneas, son of Anchises and Aphrodite. Amphimachus is slain by Achilles (verses 786–877).
Book III: Menelaus vs. Paris
The armies advance. Paris steps forward to challenge the Achaeans. Menelaus, protected by Ares, confronts him, mocking his cowardice. Hector rebukes Paris, who then proposes a duel with Menelaus (verses 46–75). Hector conveys the challenge, and Menelaus accepts, hoping the duel will end the war after nine years (verses 95–120).
Iris visits Helen to inform her of the duel. Priam watches from Troy’s ramparts and converses with Helen, absolving her of blame. Helen identifies the Achaean leaders—Agamemnon, Odysseus, Ajax, Idomeneus—but does not see her brothers Castor and Pollux, already dead (verses 121–159).
Priam descends to witness the combat. Sacrifices are offered, and Agamemnon swears an oath to Zeus.
The duel begins: Paris’s spear glances off Menelaus’s shield; Menelaus’s spear shatters Paris’s shield. Menelaus strikes with his sword, which breaks. He seizes Paris, but Aphrodite envelops him in mist and carries him to safety (verses 304–382). Athena then summons Helen, warning her that Paris awaits. Helen, bitter, reproaches Paris for his cowardice, but he excuses himself, claiming Menelaus was aided by Athena, and invites her to bed (verses 383–447).
Meanwhile, Menelaus searches for Paris. Agamemnon declares Menelaus victorious and demands Helen’s return (verses 448–460).
Book IV: The Breaking of the Oath
On Olympus, the gods quarrel. Zeus favors Menelaus, while Hera insists Troy must be destroyed. She urges Zeus to send Athena to incite the Trojans to break the truce. Zeus consents (verses 1–73).
Athena descends and persuades the Trojans to attack. Menelaus is struck by an arrow, though Athena deflects it, leaving him only wounded (verses 74–147). Agamemnon vows to withdraw if Menelaus dies (verses 148–182). The physician Machaon treats him (verses 183–221). Agamemnon rallies the army (verses 223–419). With divine aid—Ares and Athena—the war resumes (verses 420–545).
Book V: The Exploits of Diomedes and the War Between Gods and Mortals
Diomedes, one of the great heroes of the Trojan War, is inspired by Athena to fight with fiery intensity. He attacks one of Hephaestus’s priests, who is saved by the god (verses 1–30). Athena then restrains Ares, urging him to let mortals settle their own battles (verses 31–36). The Achaeans gain significant victories (verses 37–113), and Diomedes prays to Zeus and Athena for success. Athena grants his request but warns him not to attack the gods—except Aphrodite.
Resuming the fight, Diomedes kills two of Priam’s sons (verses 114–166). Aeneas joins Pandarus, the famed archer, lending him his chariot. They attack Diomedes, but Pandarus misses his mark. With Athena’s aid, Diomedes kills Pandarus. Aeneas tries to recover his body, but Diomedes hurls a stone at him. Aphrodite intervenes, rescuing Aeneas, but Diomedes wounds her. This marks the shift: the war is no longer only among mortals, but also against the gods (verses 166–375).
Apollo protects Aeneas and calls upon Ares to restrain Diomedes. Meanwhile, Sarpedon reproaches Hector for avoiding battle, spurring Hector’s fury. Apollo heals Aeneas (verses 470–518). The two Ajaxes, Odysseus, and Diomedes await the Trojans, but Hector advances unchallenged (verses 519–627).
Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, confronts Sarpedon, accusing him of being unlike his heroic father. They fight; Sarpedon kills Tlepolemus, though the Achaeans carry him away. Odysseus considers avenging him but instead slaughters many Lycians (verses 628–710).
Hera and Athena, angered by Ares’s interference, ask Zeus for permission to intervene. Zeus consents. Hera terrifies the Argives, while Athena strengthens Diomedes and urges him to strike Ares (verses 829–830). With Athena’s help, Diomedes wounds Ares, forcing him to retreat to Olympus (verses 711–872). Paeon, the divine healer, tends to Ares. Hera and Athena return to Olympus, satisfied (verses 873–909).
Book VI: Hector and Andromache; Hector and Paris
With Ares wounded and the gods withdrawn, the battle continues. Ajax son of Telamon defeats the Thracians, while Diomedes, Odysseus, Agamemnon, and Nestor’s son wreak havoc among the Trojans. Menelaus captures Adrastus, who begs for mercy, but Agamemnon kills him. Nestor rallies the Achaeans, and the Trojans begin to retreat (verses 1–76).
Helenus, Priam’s son, urges Hector and Aeneas to guard Troy’s gates and instructs Hector to ask their mother Hecuba to sacrifice to Athena (verses 77–102). On his way, Diomedes meets Glaucus. Recognizing him as a guest-friend, they exchange armor in token of respect (verses 103–236).
Hector enters Troy. His mother offers him wine, but he asks her to gather the elders at Athena’s temple. He then seeks Paris, whom he finds with Helen. Hector rebukes him as “possessed by madness” (verse 326). Paris offers no reply, while Helen urges him to rest. Hector then visits his wife Andromache, who pleads with him to stay, fearing his death. Hector refuses, declaring his duty to Troy, but promises to return (verses 369–502). Paris finally rejoins the battle (verses 503–529).
Book VII: The Duel of Hector and Ajax; Collection of the Dead
Truce Paris and Hector return to battle. Athena and Apollo agree to inspire Hector to challenge a single opponent. Hector proposes a duel (verses 1–93). Menelaus volunteers, but Agamemnon dissuades him. Ajax is chosen (verses 94–186).
The duel begins, evenly matched, until nightfall forces a pause. They exchange gifts and withdraw (verses 186–312). Nestor advises the Achaeans to collect and burn their dead. Among the Trojans, Antenor suggests returning Helen, but Paris refuses, offering instead to restore stolen goods. Priam seeks a truce to bury the dead (verses 313–398).
Diomedes rejects Paris’s offer but agrees to the truce (verses 399–441). Meanwhile, Poseidon complains to Zeus that the Achaeans neglect sacrifices to him (verses 442–482).
Book VIII: Zeus Forbids Divine Intervention
Zeus commands the gods not to aid either side, threatening punishment in Tartarus. Athena worries for the Greeks but is allowed to advise them (verses 1–52).
At dawn, battle resumes. Zeus blinds the Achaeans with light and sends spirits of death. Nestor is attacked by Paris, but Diomedes saves him. Odysseus encourages Nestor to seize Aeneas’s divine horses. The Achaeans rally, and Hector is endangered (verses 53–129).
Zeus strikes with lightning, frightening the Achaeans’ horses and aiding the Trojans. Hector urges his men to capture Nestor’s golden shield (verses 130–197). Hera appeals to Poseidon, but he refuses to defy Zeus. Agamemnon prays, and Zeus sends an eagle as a sign of courage (verses 198–252).
The Trojans gain the advantage. Athena and Hera attempt to intervene but are stopped by Iris, who reminds them of Zeus’s threats (verses 253–488). Hector proposes burning the Achaean ships, but as night falls, he orders fires lit to terrify the Greeks. The Trojans camp by their fires (verses 488–565).
Book IX: The Embassy to Achilles
Facing disaster, Agamemnon proposes retreat. Diomedes rebukes him, and Nestor urges reconciliation with Achilles. Agamemnon agrees to offer gifts, including Briseis, marriage to one of his daughters, and several cities (verses 128–130). Phoenix, Ajax, and Odysseus are sent as envoys (verses 1–179).
They find Achilles with Patroclus. Odysseus explains the dire situation and Agamemnon’s offers. Achilles refuses, still resentful, and recalls Thetis’s prophecy of his early death. He advises the Achaeans to return home (verses 180–431).
Phoenix reminds him of his upbringing and urges reconciliation (verses 432–605). Achilles replies he will consider it but insists they rest (verses 606–619). Ajax concludes Achilles will not relent until Hector threatens his ships (verses 620–655).
es the Greeks, and Zeus’s plan seems to work because the Trojans regain the advantage, which panics the Achaeans who retreat before Apollo and Hector. Athena finally comes to the aid of the Achaeans, and Ajax guides his troops to protect the ships. Despite everything, anxiety grows among the Achaeans, and Hector harangues his soldiers. Ajax is desperate but continues the fight (V.405-745).
Book X: The Death of Dolon (Doloneia)
While the Achaeans sleep, Agamemnon worries about the Trojan fires and consults Nestor (verses 1–24). Menelaus also cannot sleep and joins his brother. They decide to send a spy. Nestor awakens Odysseus, Ajax, and Diomedes (verses 25–179).
Odysseus volunteers to accompany Diomedes. Guided by Athena’s omen, they set out (verses 180–298). Meanwhile, Hector sends Dolon to spy on the Greeks. Odysseus and Diomedes capture him. Dolon reveals Hector’s plans but is executed, his arms dedicated to Athena (verses 299–468).
The two heroes then raid the Thracians, killing their leader and stealing their horses. Apollo warns the Trojans too late. They return triumphant, celebrated by the Achaeans, and honor Athena (verses 469–579).
Book XI: The Exploits of Agamemnon
Zeus sends Eris to stir battle (verses 1–55). Agamemnon fights fiercely, killing Priam’s sons, and the Trojans retreat (verses 81–162). Zeus restrains Hector, then sends Iris to warn him. Agamemnon is wounded (verses 218–283).
With Agamemnon gone, Hector rallies the Trojans. Diomedes and Odysseus counterattack, but Diomedes is wounded by Paris. Odysseus fights bravely but is injured. Ajax and Menelaus rescue him. Paris wounds Machaon, and Nestor carries him away (verses 336–520).
Achilles, still apart, sends Patroclus to learn who is wounded. Nestor recounts the battle, reproaches Achilles, and urges Patroclus to persuade him—or fight in his place (verses 521–804). Patroclus returns, tending Eurypylus (verses 805–848).
Book XII: The Assault on the Wall
The Trojans, urged by Polydamas, leave their horses and attack on foot. An omen appears: an eagle drops a serpent among them. Hector presses on despite warnings. Zeus aids them with lightning and storm (verses 200–265).
Sarpedon, son of Zeus, leads the assault. Hector, empowered by Zeus, lifts a massive stone and breaks the gates. The Trojans breach the wall, and panic spreads among the Greeks (verses 266–471).
Book XIII: Combat Near the Ships
Poseidon, angered by Zeus’s favoritism, secretly aids the Greeks. Disguised as Calchas, he inspires the two Ajaxes and other leaders (verses 1–145). Amphimachus is slain, and Poseidon urges vengeance. Idomeneus and Meriones arm themselves and terrify the Trojans (verses 146–344).
Zeus encourages the Trojans to draw Achilles into battle, while Poseidon seeks revenge (verses 345–360). Fierce fighting ensues: Idomeneus faces Aeneas, Meriones rescues Deiphobus, and blood flows everywhere. The ships are saved, and Menelaus rejoices (verses 361–672).
Hector retreats, insulted by Polydamas and Ajax. Both armies shout, and Zeus hears (verses 673–837).
Book XIV: Zeus Deceived
Nestor warns Agamemnon of disaster. Odysseus reproaches him for despair, and Diomedes urges renewed combat (verses 1–134). Poseidon encourages the Greeks.
Meanwhile, Hera plots against Zeus. She borrows Aphrodite’s magical girdle of desire and persuades Sleep to lull Zeus. She seduces him, and while he sleeps, Poseidon aids the Greeks (verses 135–353).
The Greeks rally. Ajax wounds Hector with a stone, and his companions carry him away. Strengthened by Poseidon, the Greeks press their advantage, capturing enemies and driving the Trojans back (verses 354–522).
Book XV: The Counterattack
Zeus awakens, furious to see Poseidon aiding the Greeks and Hector wounded. He threatens Hera and summons the gods. He orders Poseidon to withdraw and sends Apollo to heal Hector (verses 1–219).
Apollo restores Hector, who rallies the Trojans to attack the ships (verses 220–280). The Greeks panic. Paris, Hector, and Aeneas kill many. Nestor prays to Zeus, but the Trojans remain strong (verses 281–389).
Patroclus, tending Eurypylus, sees the disaster and resolves to persuade Achilles to fight (verses 390–404). Zeus protects Hector, who inspires his troops. Ajax defends the ships, but the Trojans gain the upper hand. Athena aids the Greeks, yet anxiety grows as Hector presses forward (verses 405–745).
Book XVI: Patroclus Enters the War
Patroclus approaches Achilles in tears, describing the desperate state of battle. He begs to fight in Achilles’ armor, hoping to terrify the Trojans. Though indignant at first, Achilles relents, instructing him to drive the Trojans from the ships but not to pursue them further, warning him especially against Apollo (verses 1–101).
Meanwhile, Zeus aids Hector against Ajax. Patroclus dons Achilles’ armor, except for the spear only Achilles can wield (verses 102–142). After a digression on Achilles’ past and the Myrmidons (verses 143–230), Achilles prays to Zeus for Patroclus’ success, but Zeus decrees he will not return alive (verses 231–256).
The Myrmidons enter battle, terrifying the Trojans. Patroclus kills the Paeonian leader, and the Trojans retreat. He then confronts Sarpedon, son of Zeus, who is slain despite his father’s pity (verses 354–569). Zeus orders Apollo, Sleep, and Death to carry Sarpedon’s body to Lycia (verses 569–683).
Patroclus exceeds Achilles’ orders, pressing beyond the ships. Apollo repels him, and Hector, aided by Apollo, kills him after Cebriones falls. Mortally wounded, Patroclus prophesies Hector’s death at Achilles’ hands (verses 684–867).
Book XVII: The Exploits of Menelaus
Menelaus defends Patroclus’ body, killing Euphorbus. Ajax joins him, and together they resist Hector, who has stripped Patroclus of Achilles’ armor. Glaucus reproaches Hector for retreating, and Hector rallies his men (verses 1–184).
Zeus, seeing Hector in Achilles’ armor, vows never to protect him again (verse 206). The battle rages around Patroclus’ corpse. Ajax fights like a wild boar scattering hunters (verses 262–318). Athena strengthens Menelaus, while Apollo aids Hector (verses 319–625).
Ajax prays for the mist to lift, and Menelaus sends Antilochus to inform Achilles of Patroclus’ death. The Ajaxes finally carry the body back to the ships, though the battle continues (verses 626–761).
Book XVIII: The Making of Achilles’ Armor
Antilochus brings news of Patroclus’ death. Achilles grieves, and Thetis comforts him, reminding him of his fate. She promises new armor from Hephaestus (verses 1–147).
Meanwhile, Iris urges Achilles to show himself unarmed. With Athena’s aid, he appears, blazing with fire, terrifying the Trojans and enabling the Greeks to recover Patroclus’ body (verses 148–242).
The Trojans debate retreat, but Hector insists on staying. The Achaeans mourn Patroclus, and Achilles vows vengeance (verses 243–355). Thetis visits Hephaestus, who forges magnificent armor, including the famous shield described in detail (verses 356–608).
Book XIX: Achilles Renounces His Wrath
Thetis delivers the armor and promises to guard Patroclus’ body. Achilles reconciles with Agamemnon, who blames his quarrel on divine delusion and offers gifts, including Briseis (verses 1–147).
Achilles, consumed by grief, refuses food, speaking to Patroclus’ body. Athena nourishes him secretly (verses 238–356). He dons the divine armor, aware of his impending death, and prepares to lead the Achaeans (verses 340–424).
Book XX: The Battle of the Gods
Zeus permits the gods to intervene. Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Hermes, and Hephaestus aid the Greeks; Ares, Apollo, Artemis, Leto, Xanthus, and Aphrodite support the Trojans (verses 1–40).
Achilles confronts Aeneas, who recounts his lineage. Protected by Poseidon, Aeneas is spared, as his destiny is to preserve the Dardanian line (verses 41–339).
Book XXI: Battle by the River
The Trojans flee toward the river Xanthus (Scamander). Achilles slaughters many, dragging twelve captives aside as vengeance for Patroclus (verse 28). He kills Lycaon, son of Priam, despite pleas for mercy. His wrath is relentless, and the river itself rises against him, swelling with corpses and threatening to drown him. Apollo aids the river, but Poseidon and Athena rescue Achilles, strengthening him (verses 1–304).
The river calls upon Simois for aid, but Hera sends Hephaestus, who scorches the waters with fire until Xanthus yields. Meanwhile, the gods clash: Ares and Aphrodite are defeated by Athena and Hera; Poseidon and Apollo debate; Artemis insults Apollo; Hermes refuses to fight Leto. Eventually, the gods withdraw to Olympus, leaving mortals to their fate (verses 305–525).
Priam, watching from Troy, sees Achilles’ fury. Apollo saves Agenor by cloaking him in mist, distracting Achilles long enough for the Trojans to retreat into the city (verses 526–611).
Book XXII: The Killing of Hector
Within Troy, Priam urges Hector to avoid Achilles, but Hector refuses, deeming retreat cowardice (verses 1–130). Achilles advances, and Zeus weighs their fates, tipping the balance toward Achilles. Apollo abandons Hector (verses 131–213).
Athena deceives Hector by appearing as his brother Deiphobus, encouraging him to face Achilles. Hector proposes a pact to spare each other’s body, but Achilles refuses. Hector’s spear glances off Achilles’ shield; Achilles’ spear pierces Hector. Mortally wounded, Hector prophesies Achilles’ death by Paris and Apollo before dying (verses 214–360).
Achilles ties Hector’s body to his chariot and drags it before Troy. Priam and Hecuba lament, while the Trojans watch in horror (verses 361–515).
Book XXIII: Funeral Games for Patroclus
Achilles mourns Patroclus, refusing to wash until his friend is cremated. Patroclus’ ghost appears, begging for burial (verses 60–107). A pyre is built, and twelve Trojan captives are sacrificed. Hector’s body, though exposed, is protected by Apollo from desecration. The winds are summoned to ignite the pyre (verses 108–225).
Patroclus’ bones are placed in a golden urn. Funeral games follow:
- Chariot race: Diomedes wins, Antilochus second, Menelaus third (verses 226–653).
- Boxing: Epeius defeats Euryalus (verses 654–699).
- Wrestling: Ajax and Odysseus fight to a draw (verses 707–740).
- Foot race: Odysseus wins with Athena’s aid; Ajax stumbles (verses 740–797).
- Combat with weapons: Ajax and Diomedes duel; Diomedes receives the prize (verses 798–825). Other contests include discus (Polypoetes), archery (Meriones), and javelin (Meriones over Agamemnon) (verses 826–897).
Book XXIV: Priam Visits Achilles
Despite the games, Achilles continues to grieve and desecrate Hector’s body. The gods pity Hector; Zeus decrees his body must be returned. Thetis persuades Achilles, while Iris instructs Priam to ransom his son (verses 1–158).
Guided by Hermes, Priam secretly enters the Achaean camp. He kneels before Achilles, invoking Peleus, and both men weep—Priam for Hector, Achilles for Patroclus and his father. Moved, Achilles agrees to return Hector’s body, concealing it until it is washed (verses 440–599).
Priam and Achilles share a meal and mutual respect. Priam departs with Hector’s body, watched over by Hermes (verses 600–676). In Troy, Andromache, Hecuba, and Helen lament. Hector’s funeral is held: for nine days wood is gathered, on the tenth his body is burned, and his bones placed in a golden chest within a tomb (verses 677–804).
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